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41.
Background
Viral zoonosis, the transmission of a virus from its primary vertebrate reservoir species to humans, requires ubiquitous cellular proteins known as receptor proteins. Zoonosis can occur not only through direct transmission from vertebrates to humans, but also through intermediate reservoirs or other environmental factors. Viruses can be categorized according to genotype (ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA and dsRNA viruses). Among them, the RNA viruses exhibit particularly high mutation rates and are especially problematic for this reason. Most zoonotic viruses are RNA viruses that change their envelope proteins to facilitate binding to various receptors of host species. In this study, we sought to predict zoonotic propensity through the analysis of receptor characteristics. We hypothesized that the major barrier to interspecies virus transmission is that receptor sequences vary among species--in other words, that the specific amino acid sequence of the receptor determines the ability of the viral envelope protein to attach to the cell. 相似文献42.
Yong Hun Jo Dong Hyun Kim Seung Han Oh Bharat Bhusan Patnaik Ho Beom Lee Hun Cheon Jeong Yong Seok Lee Kisung Ko In Seok Bang Iksoo Kim Yeon Soo Han 《Entomological Research》2011,41(6):296-296
FK506‐binding protein (FK506BP) class belonging to immunophilin protein family has been known to play key roles in modulating T‐cell activation, regulation of cell cycle and protein folding. However, little is known about the involvement of FK506BP during viral pathogenesis in insect host. In this study, an attempt has been made to focus on the involvement of FK506BP in antiviral innate immunity, by cloning the full‐length cDNA of FK506BP12 (PrFK506BP12) from the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae. It comprised of 532 bp (excluding poly‐A tail) with a longest open reading frame (ORF) of 327 bp encoding 108 amino acids. In silico analysis of PrFK506BP12 ORF revealed a highly conserved FK506‐binding domain (FKBD). As expected, it showed high homology to other FK506BPs identified from Bombyx mori (92%), Manduca sexta (91%), Suberites domuncula (82%), Tribolium castaneum (81%) and Aedes aegypti (74%) . Expression of PrFK506BP12 was observed during developmental stages of P. rapae, but was pronounced in late pupal and adult stage. In addition, spatial expression pattern analysis indicated its high expression in the head and fat body. Furthermore, PrFK506BP12 mRNA was induced 12 h after LTA, Poly I:C treatment and 3h after Pieris rapae granulovirus (PrGV) treatment in carcass. It suggests that PrFK506BP12 appears to be involved in immune responses and also play an important role in the fat body, although it remains to be clarified about their precise role in response to granulovirus. 相似文献
43.
Jae-Hoon HwangJeong-A Choi Reda A.I. Abou-Shanab Booki MinHocheol Song Yongje Kim Eung Seok LeeByong-Hun Jeon 《Bioresource technology》2011,102(2):1051-1058
Anaerobic fermentation for hydrogen (H2) production was studied in a two-stage fermentation system fed with different ripened fruit feedstocks (apple, pear, and grape). Among the feedstocks, ripened apple was the most efficient substrate for cumulative H2 production (4463.7 mL-H2 L−1-culture) with a maximum H2 yield (2.2 mol H2 mol−1 glucose) in the first stage at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18 h. The additional cumulative biohydrogen (3337.4 mL-H2 L−1-culture) was produced in the second stage with the reused residual substrate from the first stage. The major byproducts in this study were butyrate, acetate, and ethanol, and butyrate was dominant among them in all test runs. During the two-stage system, the energy efficiency (H2 conversion) obtained from mixed ripened fruits (RF) increased from 4.6% (in the first stage) to 15.5% (in the second stage), which indicated the energy efficiency can be improved by combined hydrogen production process. The RF could be used as substrates for biohydrogen fermentation in a two-stage (dark/dark) fermentation system. 相似文献
44.
Mi Hye Kim Jae Yeop Kim Jung‐Hak Kim Hyun‐Shik Lee Jae‐Won Huh Dong‐Seok Lee 《Cell biology international》2020,44(10):2086-2093
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules to regulate various cell functions. Numerous studies have demonstrated ROS to be essential for the differentiation of adipocytes. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes in mammalian cells. Prx2 is present in the cytoplasm and cell membranes and demonstrates ROS scavenging activity. We focused on Prx2 involvement in regulating adipogenesis and lipid accumulation and demonstrated that Prx2 expression was upregulated during adipocyte differentiation. In addition, the silencing of Prx2 (shPrx2) inhibited adipogenesis by modulating adipogenic gene expression, and cell death was enhanced via increased ROS production in shPrx2‐3T3‐L1 cells. These results demonstrate that shPrx2 triggers adipocyte cell death and weakens adipocyte function via ROS production. Taken together, our data suggest the participation of Prx2 in adipocyte function and differentiation. Our results also imply that the downregulation of Prx2 activity could help prevent obesity. Overall, findings support the development of ROS‐based therapeutic solutions for the treatment of obesity and obesity‐related metabolic disorders. 相似文献
45.
Joonam Park Kyu Tae Kim Dae Yang Oh Dahee Jin Dohwan Kim Yoon Seok Jung Yong Min Lee 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(35)
The digital twin technique has been broadly utilized to efficiently and effectively predict the performance and problems associated with real objects via a virtual replica. However, the digitalization of twin electrochemical systems has not been achieved thus far, owing to the large amount of required calculations of numerous and complex differential equations in multiple dimensions. Nevertheless, with the help of continuous progress in hardware and software technologies, the fabrication of a digital twin‐driven electrochemical system and its effective utilization have become a possibility. Herein, a digital twin‐driven all‐solid‐state battery with a solid sulfide electrolyte is built based on a voxel‐based microstructure. Its validity is verified using experimental data, such as effective electronic/ionic conductivities and electrochemical performance, for LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2 composite electrodes employing Li6PS5Cl. The fundamental performance of the all‐solid‐state battery is scrutinized by analyzing simulated physical and electrochemical behaviors in terms of mass transport and interfacial electrochemical reaction kinetics. The digital twin model herein reveals valuable but experimentally inaccessible time‐ and space‐resolved information including dead particles, specific contact area, and charge distribution in the 3D domain. Thus, this new computational model is bound to rapidly improve the all‐solid‐state battery technology by saving the research resources and providing valuable insights. 相似文献
46.
47.
Regmi Sudip Choi Yoon Seok Kim Young Kyun Khan Md Maruf Lee Sang Hun Choi Yun Hee Cho Seung Sik Jin Ying-Yu Yoo Jin Cheol Suh Joo-Won 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2020,43(2):249-259
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - The β-glucanase produced from Bacillus sp. CSB55 not only depicts the potent industrial characteristics but also relates as bio-industrial catalyst... 相似文献
48.
Seok Hyun Song Moses Cho Inchul Park Jong‐Gyu Yoo Kyung‐Tae Ko Jihyun Hong Jongsoon Kim Sung‐Kyun Jung Maxim Avdeev Sungdae Ji Seongsu Lee Joona Bang Hyungsub Kim 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(23)
Layered lithium–nickel–cobalt–manganese oxide (NCM) materials have emerged as promising alternative cathode materials owing to their high energy density and electrochemical stability. Although high reversible capacity has been achieved for Ni‐rich NCM materials when charged beyond 4.2 V versus Li+/Li, full lithium utilization is hindered by the pronounced structural degradation and electrolyte decomposition. Herein, the unexpected realization of sustained working voltage as well as improved electrochemical performance upon electrochemical cycling at a high operating voltage of 4.9 V in the Ni‐rich NCM LiNi0.895Co0.085Mn0.02O2 is presented. The improved electrochemical performance at a high working voltage at 4.9 V is attributed to the removal of the resistive Ni2+O rock‐salt surface layer, which stabilizes the voltage profile and improves retention of the energy density during electrochemical cycling. The manifestation of the layered Ni2+O rock‐salt phase along with the structural evolution related to the metal dissolution are probed using in situ X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The findings help unravel the structural complexities associated with high working voltages and offer insight for the design of advanced battery materials, enabling the realization of fully reversible lithium extraction in Ni‐rich NCM materials. 相似文献
49.
Ju‐Myung Kim Jae‐Ho Park Eunmi Jo Hyung‐Seok Kim Seung‐Hyeok Kim Wonyoung Chang Kyung Yoon Chung Sang‐Young Lee 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(9)
Despite their exceptionally high capacity, overlithiated layered oxides (OLO) have not yet been practically used in lithium‐ion battery cathodes due to necessary toxic/complex chemical activation processes and unsatisfactory electrochemical reliability. Here, a new class of ecofriendly chemical activation strategy based on amphiphilic deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)‐wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is demonstrated. Hydrophobic aromatic bases of DNA have a good affinity for MWCNT via noncovalent π–π stacking interactions, resulting in core (MWCNT)‐shell (DNA) hybrids (i.e., DNA@MWCNT) featuring the predominant presence of hydrophilic phosphate groups (coupled with Na+) in their outmost layers. Such spatially rearranged Na+–phosphate complexes of the DNA@MWCNT efficiently extract Li+ from monoclinic Li2MnO3 of the OLO through cation exchange reaction of Na+–Li+, thereby forming Li4Mn5O12‐type spinel nanolayers on the OLO surface. The newly formed spinel nanolayers play a crucial role in improving the structural stability of the OLO and suppressing interfacial side reactions with liquid electrolytes, eventually providing significant improvements in the charge/discharge kinetics, cyclability, and thermal stability. This beneficial effect of the DNA@MWCNT‐mediated chemical activation is comprehensively elucidated by an in‐depth structural/electrochemical characterization. 相似文献
50.
Jung‐Gu Han Chihyun Hwang Su Hwan Kim Chanhyun Park Jonghak Kim Gwan Yeong Jung Kyungeun Baek Sujong Chae Seok Ju Kang Jaephil Cho Sang Kyu Kwak Hyun‐Kon Song Nam‐Soon Choi 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(20)
High‐capacity Li‐rich layered oxide cathodes along with Si‐incorporated graphite anodes have high reversible capacity, outperforming the electrode materials used in existing commercial products. Hence, they are potential candidates for the development of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, structural degradation induced by loss of interfacial stability is a roadblock to their practical use. Here, the use of malonic acid‐decorated fullerene (MA‐C60) with superoxide dismutase activity and water scavenging capability as an electrolyte additive to overcome the structural instability of high‐capacity electrodes that hampers the battery quality is reported. Deactivation of PF5 by water scavenging leads to the long‐term stability of the interfacial structures of electrodes. Moreover, an MA‐C60‐added electrolyte deactivates the reactive oxygen species and constructs an electrochemically robust cathode‐electrolyte interface for Li‐rich cathodes. This work paves the way for new possibilities in the design of electrolyte additives by eliminating undesirable reactive substances and tuning the interfacial structures of high‐capacity electrodes in LIBs. 相似文献